使用 Nginx 运行 Movable Type 5

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Nginx只支持FastCGI接口,因此需要使用一个fastcgi_wrapper.pl,它使用Unix Socket和Nginx通信,路径是/var/run/nginx/perl_cgi-dispatch.sock,可根据需要修改,内容为:
#!/usr/bin/perl

use FCGI;
#perl -MCPAN -e 'install FCGI'
use Socket;
use POSIX qw(setsid);
#use Fcntl;

require 'syscall.ph';

&daemonize;

#this keeps the program alive or something after exec'ing perl scripts
END() { } BEGIN() { }
*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=".shift()."\n"; };
eval q{exit};
if ($@) {
    exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/;
};

&main;

sub daemonize() {
    chdir '/'                 or die "Can't chdir to /: $!";
    defined(my $pid = fork)   or die "Can't fork: $!";
    exit if $pid;
    setsid                    or die "Can't start a new session: $!";
    umask 0;
}

sub main {
        #$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use IP sockets
        $socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "/var/run/nginx/perl_cgi-dispatch.sock", 10 ); #use UNIX sockets - user running this script must have w access to the 'nginx' folder!!
        $request = FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR, \%req_params, $socket );
        if ($request) { request_loop()};
            FCGI::CloseSocket( $socket );
}

sub request_loop {
        while( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) {
           
           #processing any STDIN input from WebServer (for CGI-POST actions)
           $stdin_passthrough ='';
           $req_len = 0 + $req_params{'CONTENT_LENGTH'};
           if (($req_params{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') && ($req_len != 0) ){
                my $bytes_read = 0;
                while ($bytes_read < $req_len) {
                        my $data = '';
                        my $bytes = read(STDIN, $data, ($req_len - $bytes_read));
                        last if ($bytes == 0 || !defined($bytes));
                        $stdin_passthrough .= $data;
                        $bytes_read += $bytes;
                }
            }

            #running the cgi app
            if ( (-x $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) &&  #can I execute this?
                 (-s $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) &&  #Is this file empty?
                 (-r $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME})     #can I read this file?
            ){
        pipe(CHILD_RD, PARENT_WR);
        my $pid = open(KID_TO_READ, "-|");
        unless(defined($pid)) {
            print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
                        print "Error: CGI app returned no output - Executing $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !\n";
            next;
        }
        if ($pid > 0) {
            close(CHILD_RD);
            print PARENT_WR $stdin_passthrough;
            close(PARENT_WR);

            while(my $s = <KID_TO_READ>) { print $s; }
            close KID_TO_READ;
            waitpid($pid, 0);
        } else {
                    foreach $key ( keys %req_params){
                       $ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key};
                    }
                    # cd to the script's local directory
                    if ($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} =~ /^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/) {
                            chdir $1;
                    }

            close(PARENT_WR);
            close(STDIN);
            #fcntl(CHILD_RD, F_DUPFD, 0);
            syscall(&SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_RD), 0);
            #open(STDIN, "<&CHILD_RD");
            exec($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME});
            die("exec failed");
        }
            }
            else {
                print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
                print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not exist or is not executable by this process.\n";
            }

        }
}

运行此文件需要Perl的FCGI模块,如果未安装,还需要安装(当前版本为0.67):
wget http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/FCGI/FCGI-0.67.tar.gz
tar zxvf FCGI-0.67.tar.gz
cd FCGI-0.67
perl Makefile.PL
make && make install

如果以root身份运行不符合安全原则,还需要一个可以使用其它用户身份运行的程序帮助:
#!/bin/sh
exec ${PERL-perl} -Swx $0 ${1+"$@"}
#!perl [perl will skip all lines in this file before this line]

# with --- run program with special properties

# Copyright (C) 1995, 2000, 2002 Noah S. Friedman

# Author: Noah Friedman <friedman@splode.com>
# Created: 1995-08-14

# $Id: with,v 1.12 2004/02/16 22:51:49 friedman Exp $

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, you can either send email to this
# program's maintainer or write to: The Free Software Foundation,
# Inc.; 59 Temple Place, Suite 330; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

# Commentary:

# TODO: create optional socket streams for stdin or stdout before invoking
# subprocess.

# Code:

use Getopt::Long;
use POSIX qw(setsid);
use Symbol;
use strict;

(my $progname = $0) =~ s|.*/||;
my $bgfn;
my $bgopt = 0;

my $opt_cwd;
my $opt_egid;
my $opt_euid;
my $opt_gid;
my $opt_groups;
my @opt_include;
my $opt_name;
my $opt_pgrp;
my $opt_priority;
my $opt_root;
my $opt_uid;
my $opt_umask;
my $opt_foreground = 0;

sub err
{
my $fh = (ref ($_[0]) ? shift : *STDERR{IO});
print $fh join (": ", $progname, @_), "\n";
exit (1);
}

sub get_includes
{
unshift @INC, @_;
push (@INC,
"$ENV{HOME}/lib/perl",
"$ENV{HOME}/lib/perl/include");

eval { require "syscall.ph" } if defined $opt_groups;
}

sub numberp
{
defined $_[0] && $_[0] =~ m/^-?\d+$/o;
}

sub group2gid
{
my $g = shift;
return $g if numberp ($g);
my $gid = getgrnam ($g);
return $gid if defined $gid && numberp ($gid);
err ($g, "no such group");
}

sub user2uid
{
my $u = shift;
return $u if numberp ($u);
my $uid = getpwnam ($u);
return $uid if defined $uid && numberp ($uid);
err ($u, "no such user");
}

sub set_cwd
{
my $d = shift;
chdir ($d) || err ("chdir", $d, $!);
}

sub set_egid
{
my $sgid = group2gid (shift);
my $egid = $) + 0;

$) = $sgid;
err ($sgid, "cannot set egid", $!) if ($) == $egid && $egid != $sgid);
}

sub set_gid
{
my $sgid = group2gid (shift);
my $rgid = $( + 0;
my $egid = $) + 0;

$( = $sgid;
$) = $sgid;
err ($sgid, "cannot set rgid", $!) if ($( == $rgid && $rgid != $sgid);
err ($sgid, "cannot set egid", $!) if ($) == $egid && $egid != $sgid);
}

sub big_endian_p
{
my $x = 1;
my @y = unpack ("c2", pack ("i", $x));
return ($y[0] == 1) ? 0 : 1;
}

# This function is more complex than it ought to be because perl does not
# export the setgroups function. It exports the getgroups function by
# making $( and $) return multiple values in the form of a space-separated
# string, but you cannot *set* the group list by assigning those variables.
# There is no portable way to determine what size gid_t is, so we must guess.
sub set_groups
{
my @glist = sort { $a <=> $b } map { group2gid ($_) } split (/[ ,]/, shift);

my $expected = join (" ", $(+0, reverse @glist);
my @p = (big_endian_p() ? ("n", "N", "i") : ("v", "V", "i"));

for my $c (@p)
{
err ("setgroups", $!)
if (syscall (&SYS_setgroups, @glist+0, pack ("$c*", @glist)) == -1);
return if ("$(" eq $expected);
}
err ("setgroups", "Could not determine gid_t");
}

sub set_pgrp
{
setpgrp ($$, shift) || err ("setpgrp", $!);
}

sub set_priority
{
my $prio = shift () + 0;
setpriority (0, 0, $prio) || err ("setpriority", $prio, $!);
}

sub set_root
{
my $d = shift;
chroot ($d) || err ("chroot", $d, $!);
chdir ("/");
}

sub set_euid
{
my $suid = user2uid (shift);
my $euid = $>;

$> = $suid;
err ($suid, "cannot set euid", $!) if ($> == $euid && $euid != $suid);
}

sub set_uid
{
my $suid = user2uid (shift);
my $ruid = $<;
my $euid = $>;

$< = $suid;
$> = $suid;
err ($suid, "cannot set ruid", $!) if ($< == $ruid && $ruid != $suid);
err ($suid, "cannot set euid", $!) if ($> == $euid && $euid != $suid);
}


sub background
{
my $pid = fork;
die "$@" if $pid < 0;
if ($pid == 0)
{
# Backgrounded programs may expect to be able to read input from the
# user if stdin is a tty, but we will no longer have any job control
# management because of the double fork and exit. This can result in
# a program either blocking on input (if still associated with a
# controlling terminal) and stopping, or stealing input from a
# foreground process (e.g. a shell). So redirect stdin to /dev/null.
open (STDIN, "< /dev/null") if (-t STDIN);
return *STDERR{IO};
}

exit (0) unless $opt_foreground;
wait;
exit ($?);
}

sub dosetsid
{
background ();
setsid (); # dissociate from controlling terminal
return *STDERR{IO};
}

sub daemon
{
# Don't allow any file descriptors, including stdin, stdout, or
# stderr to be propagated to children.
$^F = -1;
dosetsid ();
# Duped in case we've closed stderr but can't exec anything.
my $saved_stderr = gensym;
open ($saved_stderr, ">&STDERR");
close (STDERR);
close (STDOUT);
close (STDIN);
return $saved_stderr;
}

sub notty
{
# Don't allow any file descriptors other than stdin, stdout, or stderr to
# be propagated to children.
$^F = 2;
dosetsid ();
# Duped in case we've closed stderr but can't exec anything.
my $saved_stderr = gensym;
open ($saved_stderr, ">&STDERR");
open (STDIN, "+</dev/null");
open (STDERR, "+<&STDIN");
open (STDOUT, "+<&STDIN");
return $saved_stderr;
}


sub set_bg_option
{
my %bgfntbl =
( 1 => \&background,
2 => \&daemon,
4 => \&notty,
8 => \&dosetsid,
);

$bgopt = $_[0];
$bgfn = $bgfntbl{$bgopt};
}

sub parse_options
{
Getopt::Long::config (qw(bundling autoabbrev require_order));
my $succ = GetOptions
("h|help", sub { usage () },
"c|cwd=s", \$opt_cwd,
"d|display=s", \$ENV{DISPLAY},
"H|home=s", \$ENV{HOME},
"G|egid=s", \$opt_egid,
"g|gid=s", \$opt_gid,
"I|include=s@", \@opt_include,
"l|groups=s", \$opt_groups,
"m|umask=s", \$opt_umask,
"n|name=s", \$opt_name,
"P|priority=i", \$opt_priority,
"p|pgrp=i", \$opt_pgrp,
"r|root=s", \$opt_root,
"U|euid=s", \$opt_euid,
"u|uid=s", \$opt_uid,

"f|fg|foreground", \$opt_foreground,

"b|bg|background", sub { set_bg_option (1); $opt_foreground = 0 },
"a|daemon|demon", sub { set_bg_option (2) },
"N|no-tty|notty", sub { set_bg_option (4) },
"s|setsid", sub { set_bg_option (8) },
);
usage () unless $succ;

my $n = 0;
do { $n++ if $bgopt & 1 } while ($bgopt >>= 1);
err ("Can only specify one of --background, --daemon, --notty, or --setsid")
if ($n > 1);
}

sub usage
{
print STDERR "$progname: @_\n\n" if @_;
print STDERR "Usage: $progname {options} [command {args...}]\n
Options are:
-h, --help You're looking at it.
-D, --debug Turn on interactive debugging in perl.
-I, --include DIR Include DIR in \@INC path for perl.
This option may be specified multiple times to append
search paths to perl.

-d, --display DISP Run with DISP as the X server display.
-H, --home HOME Set \$HOME.
-n, --name ARGV0 Set name of running program (argv[0]).

-c, --cwd DIR Run with DIR as the current working directory.
This directory is relative to the root directory as
specified by \`--root', or \`/'.
-r, --root ROOT Set root directory (via \`chroot' syscall) to ROOT.

-G, --egid EGID Set \`effective' group ID.
-g, --gid GID Set both \`real' and \`effective' group ID.
-l, --groups GLIST Set group list to comma-separated GLIST.
-U, --euid EUID Set \`effective' user ID.
-u, --uid UID Set both \`real' and \`effective' user ID.

-m, --umask UMASK Set umask.
-P, --priority NICE Set scheduling priority to NICE (-20 to 20).
-p, --pgrp PGRP Set process group.

The following options cause the resulting process to be backgrounded
automatically but differ in various ways:

-b, --background Run process in background. This is the default with
the --daemon, --no-tty, and --setsid options.

-f, --foreground Do not put process into the background when using
the --daemon, --no-tty, and --setsid options.
In all other cases the default is to remain in the
foreground.

-a, --daemon Run process in \"daemon\" mode.
This closes stdin, stdout, and stderr, dissociates
the process from any controlling terminal, and
backgrounds the process.

-N, --no-tty Run process in background with no controlling
terminal and with stdin, stdout, and stderr
redirected to /dev/null.

-s, --setsid Dissociate from controlling terminal.
This automatically backgrounds the process but
does not redirect any file descriptors.\n";
exit (1);
}

sub main
{
parse_options ();
usage () unless @ARGV;

get_includes (@opt_include);

umask (oct ($opt_umask)) if defined $opt_umask;
set_gid ($opt_gid) if defined $opt_gid;
set_egid ($opt_egid) if defined $opt_egid;
set_groups ($opt_groups) if defined $opt_groups;
set_root ($opt_root) if defined $opt_root;
set_cwd ($opt_cwd) if defined $opt_cwd;
set_priority ($opt_priority) if defined $opt_priority;
set_uid ($opt_uid) if defined $opt_uid;
set_euid ($opt_euid) if defined $opt_euid;

my $stderr = $bgfn ? &$bgfn () : *STDERR{IO};

my $runprog = $ARGV[0];
if ($opt_name)
{
shift @ARGV;
unshift @ARGV, $opt_name;
}
local $^W = 0; # avoid implicit warnings from exec
exec ($runprog @ARGV) || err ($stderr, "exec", $runprog, $!);
}

main ();

# local variables:
# mode: perl
# eval: (auto-fill-mode 1)
# end:

# with ends here

如保存为/bin/run_fcgi.pl,如需要以用户www,组www-group执行/bin/fastcgi_wrapper.pl,可运行:
run_fcgi.pl --daemon -g www-group -u www /bin/fastcgi_wrapper.pl
注意先加上可执行属性。如果运行后产生了/var/run/nginx/perl_cgi-dispatch.sock基本上就算是完成了。

然后配置Nginx。修改nginx.conf,在server配置里面加上:
location ~ \.cgi$
    {
        fastcgi_pass  unix:/var/run/nginx/perl_cgi-dispatch.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.cgi;
        include fcgi.conf;
    }

fcgi.conf的内容是:
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

如果曾经配置了PHP,基本上都会存在fcgi.conf这个文件的。

重新启动Nginx就可以执行Perl程序了。然后复制Movable Type 5的文件到server指定的根目录,执行Movable Type的安装就可以了,先访问mt-check.cgi,看看是否安装了所需的Perl模块,之后访问mt.cgi用向导安装吧。

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To become a successful nursing assistant, an individual need to be a staff participant who is placement to get orders nicely. They should additionally be emotionally steady and also have a excellent offer of endurance.

To become a successful nursing assistant, an individual ought to be a team player who is placement to take orders nicely. They should also be emotionally secure and have a wonderful offer of patience.

Students interested in becoming a nurse assistant need to take courses in dental/medical assisting, algebra, computer abilities, English, background, biology, nurse aide training, as well as health occupations/medical professions schooling.

Students interested in becoming a nurse assistant ought to take courses in dental/medical assisting, algebra, personal computer skills, English, history, biology, nurse aide training, in addition to well being occupations/medical professions education.

Students interested in becoming a nurse assistant need to take programs in dental/medical assisting, algebra, personal computer abilities, English, historical past, biology, nurse aide training, as well as wellness occupations/medical professions training.

Nursing assistants tend to be often responsible for observing as well as reporting how individuals reply to the care which is being provided. Nursing assistants employed in nursing homes are usually referred to as geriatric aides. These nurses have far much more contact with citizens in comparison with any kind of of the other workers, as well as tend to be therefore anticipated to build ongoing relationships with the individuals in addition to deal with them in a optimistic, caring way.

The majority organisations require a higher college diploma or even the equal. Training is offered in a selection of settings, which in turn could include large universities, vocational educational institutions, community colleges, geriatric facilities, and also organisations. These courses typically final six to 8 weeks at which in turn period students could get an examination offered by the Mississippi Division of Well being to become a Certified Nurses Assistant (CNA).

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